Research Roundup: WHO Foundation, Algeria and Argentina declared malaria free, and scientists break away from 'cold chain' to deliver vaccines

Against a backdrop of mounting global health challenges, the 72nd World Health Assembly (WHA) convened last week, with politicians, philanthropists, business executives, and civil society leaders all descending upon Geneva. GHTC was on the scene—attending side events, technical briefings, and following the official agenda. Here are our top four takeaways from this year’s assembly:1. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) dominates WHA.Considered the theme of this year’s WHA and a core component of the platform of the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General, UHC was a ubiquitous topic in Geneva as stakeholders prepare for the United Nations (UN) High-Level Meeting on UHC in September. Multiple side events and briefings focused on the topic with discussions yielding numerous calls to action from bolstering the inclusion of low- and middle-income country (LMIC) voices, to investing in community health workers, to making primary health care the central pillar of UHC. During the official WHA sessions, there was also strong consensus around the importance of leaving no one behind, equity in health, and a people-centric approach to UHC. The hotly anticipated zero draft of the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on UHC was also released last week. The draft is meant to serve as a baseline for members states who will ultimately endorse a political declaration at the high-level meeting this fall and reflects some of the feedback that civil society provided during the consultative process. The document features some encouraging language on health research and development (R&D): calling for improved availability, access, and affordability of quality medicines, vaccines, diagnostics, and other health technologies, and it encourages incentives for R&D, including stronger public-private partnerships. The draft also underlines the importance of investment in new health technologies.While the R&D community can be heartened by these inclusions, there are notable omissions. There was no direct mention of specific diseases affecting vulnerable populations in LMICs and no specific request or direct call for increased investment in R&D for new health tools.2. Contentious access debate at WHA ends with compromise resolution on drug and health product price transparency.Advocates anticipated that the access to medicines issue would be the one of the most contentious topics at this year’s WHA. They were right.After long and arduous negotiations which delayed the access to medicines session by several days, member states adopted a compromise resolution at WHA urging greater transparency on drug prices. The resolution calls on members to “take appropriate measures to publicly share information on the net prices of health products.” The most contentious element of the initial draft, which urged disclosure of R&D costs, particularly for clinical trials, was ultimately amended to feature language emphasizing the purely voluntary nature of those disclosures. While the resolution was celebrated as a landmark by the WHO Director-General, many member states were unhappy with the process, with Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States expressing their discontent with the approach and timing.3. Ebola crisis keeps emergency preparedness at the top of the agenda.The worsening Ebola crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo loomed large at WHA, as tributes to health workers were featured throughout the proceedings. There was a common refrain during the week about the need for improved coordination in emergency preparedness between global actors and local communities, with many delegates from the global south, including WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros himself, emphasizing the importance of building trust and integrating community health workers in the process. From an R&D perspective, many stakeholders called for strengthening in-country capacity, including laboratory and clinical trial capacity, as an integral pillar of developing effective countermeasures.To better support member states in improving preparedness, WHO set up a new division specifically for emergency preparedness, as part of its reform process earlier this year, which will work in tandem with its existing workstreams on emergency response. WHO also welcomed the appointment of a UN emergency Ebola response coordinator to facilitate interagency activities. 4. Follow-up meeting to the UN High-Level meeting on Tuberculosis (TB) shows promise with accountability as key.Several sessions at WHA focused on the follow-up to previous political commitments, including the declaration from the UN High-Level Meeting on TB. It was encouraging to hear the United States, several members of the European Union, and a few other member states call for additional R&D to combat TB and underscore the need to develop new drugs and vaccines, scale up diagnostic capabilities, and invest in innovative technologies.WHO also released a multisectoral accountability framework to accelerate progress to end the TB epidemic, which was previously requested in 2018 by the WHA and the UN General Assembly. Several countries, including the United States, endorsed the framework during the official session, and WHO is looking to facilitate its adaptation and use by member states and their partners at country, regional, and global levels throughout 2019. This year’s WHA cemented the need for new approaches, partnerships, and models in order to deliver on many of the promises that were made as part of the 2030 agenda. The next few months will see a continuation of advances on the UHC agenda, movement on WHO reform, and implementation of newly adopted resolution and political commitments.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign-up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. Last week, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) new Science Division unveiled a Health Product Profile Directory—an online resource to guide the research and development of new technologies to combat neglected diseases and other health threats, including antimicrobial resistance and diseases that pose a pandemic threat. The Health Product Profile Directory is a free, searchable database of target product profiles for needed health products to tackle the world’s most pressing global health issues. Each product profile outlines eight to ten key characteristics for development of various health products, including vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics. The directory currently contains 196 product profiles developed by 24 agencies, 91 of which are focused on infectious diseases. In this editorial piece, Dr. Madhukar Pai also discusses whether the product profiles should address affordability, the opportunity to leverage the directory to tap into the potential of emerging innovators in the Global South, and ways to improve the new WHO resource. Every year, 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes. Between 81,000 and 138,000 die as a result, and of those who survive, 400,000 suffer lifechanging injuries. Two years ago, WHO formally classified snakebite as a neglected tropical disease and later this month it will launch a global strategy aimed at halving the number of deaths and cases of disability caused by snakebite by 2030. Last week, two major funding announcements for snakebite research were made public. Wellcome Trust announced a new £80 million program to transform the way snakebite is managed globally, and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) released £9 million to fund the development of a universal snake antivenom. The DFID-funded consortium—which includes the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, and snakebite specialists from Kenya, Nigeria, the United States, and India—will leverage the technology and processes that led to the discovery of drugs to combat HIV to develop new antivenom therapies. It will run through 2021, when a pre-clinical prototype of antivenom is expected. TB Alliance was awarded a Center of Excellence in Translational Research grant by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to support the development of two new clinical stage tuberculosis (TB) drug candidates. The grant, spaced out over five years, will provide US$5.5 million in the first year and reach a total of $28.4 million by 2024. With this grant, TB Alliance and its research partners will focus on the development of compounds that address drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant strains of TB. “Expanding the global portfolio of new TB drug candidates, from which we can assemble tomorrow’s shorter and simpler cures, is crucial in the fight against TB,” said Dr. Mel Spigelman, president and CEO of TB Alliance.