Breakthroughs Blog: COVID-19

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. The World Health Organization (WHO) last week announced its first COVID-19 vaccine license agreement through the COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) with Taiwanese manufacturer Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp. The vaccine license was acquired through the Medicines Patent Pool, which also enabled last week additional agreements under C-TAP for a COVID-19 vaccine prototype and a test used to measure COVID-19 antibody levels. While C-TAP was launched at the height of the pandemic to promote technology sharing to improve access, particularly to vaccines, in low-income countries, major pharmaceutical companies have thus far declined to join the initiative.A clinical trial led by researchers at St George’s, University of London found that a higher dose of the antibiotic rifampicin for an abbreviated four-month treatment regimen for tuberculous (TB) was safe with no increases in side effects or toxicities, compared to the standard six months, which is WHO-recommended. The trial took place among adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda, Guinea, Peru, Nepal, Botswana, and Pakistan. Experts say shorter treatment regimens will help lower costs and increase patient compliance, which will in turn reduce transmission and the development of resistance to available TB drugs. CSL Sequiris announced that it received an award from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) to deliver a vaccine for bird flu to the US government, increasing BARDA’s stockpile in case of an outbreak. The company will deliver one bulk lot of the H5N8 A/Astrakhan antigen to the US government, whose development has been supported by BARDA in recent years. The agreement is intended to improve US national vaccine preparedness and is especially significant as bird flu continues to be detected around the world, including a small number of human cases.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. Last week, a landmark study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases confirmed that the benefits of combining the RTS,S malaria vaccine with preventative antimalarial drugs in settings of high seasonable malaria transmission continue over five years. Specifically, the study found that the vaccine-drug combination reduced severe malaria cases and deaths in young children by nearly two-thirds compared to either RTS,S vaccination or seasonal malaria chemoprevention alone and that the efficacy of RTS,S in preventing malaria in highly seasonal settings was similar to seasonal malaria chemoprevention. These results underscore the importance of integrating multiple prevention tools into existing malaria control efforts to alleviate the remaining burden of malaria.The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced recipients for the first $1.4 billion round of funding for Project NextGen, the successor to Operation Warp Speed, which includes awards to develop more effective and longer-lasting COVID-19 vaccines, a new monoclonal antibody, and technologies to streamline manufacturing. Regeneron, the Global Health Investment Corporation, and Johnson & Johnson Innovation are among the first group of recipients. HHS said these awards are a catalyst to kick staff research and anticipates announcing additional awards for the $5 billion program by the end of the year.  The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) last week approved Abrysvo, Pfizer’s respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for pregnant people, which is aimed at protecting newborns from the virus in their first six months of life. The announcement follows the agency’s approval of Abrysvo for adults 60 and older. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is expected to recommend the vaccine soon, hopefully setting the country up for a healthier fall and winter season ahead with AstraZeneca and Sanofi’s Beyfortus RSV monoclonal antibody for infants also approved earlier this summer and updated COVID-19 shots expected in the coming weeks. 

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. As COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations rise across the United States, last week Moderna reported initial data that showed the efficacy of their updated COVID-19 vaccine, which was originally aimed at protecting against the XBB.1.5 subvariant, against the increasingly dominant Eris (EG.5) and Fornax (FL 1.5.1) subvariants. The updated vaccine is expected to be available in the fall, pending approvals from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other national regulators. Novavax, as well as Pfizer and partner BioNTech, are also advancing updated shots.The United Kingdom’s Fleming Fund last week announced that it will provide up to $267.5 million for strengthening antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance capacity in low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia, where the threat and burden of AMR is the highest. Specifically, the funding will go to upgrading laboratories, introducing new genome sequencing technology, and supporting training sessions. This announcement, which came ahead of this past weekend’s G20 Health Minister’s Meeting, where AMR was an important topic, marks a significant investment in a data-driven approach to fighting the rising threat of AMR.A new antibiotic combination drug that could significantly improve the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and potentially serious infectious caused by highly resistant bacteria is now on track to receive a final review by FDA. Cefepime-taniborbactam, developed by Venatorx Pharmaceuticals and the Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), could be approved as early as next February. If successful, the treatment would be the first new treatment in GARDP’s clinical development portfolio to gain regulatory approval and would be a boon to global equitable access to new antibiotic treatments due to GARDP’s exclusive rights to distribute and sub-distribute the treatment in 64 low- and middle-income countries.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. Gavi, the World Health Organization (WHO), and UNICEF have announced that an initial 18 million doses of the world’s first malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, will be rolled out in 12 African countries, where the risk of child illness and deaths from malaria is highest. The vaccine, which will be produced by GlaxoSmithKline and Bharat Biotech, is expected to arrive in the initial countries in late 2023. A further 16 countries have also asked for access and are expected to receive it once production has scaled up. Another malaria vaccine, R21, developed by Oxford University is currently awaiting WHO prequalification. In the coming years, both vaccines are expected to play a key role in the fight against malaria alongside other tools.A study published last week found that injections of broadly neutralizing antibodies in children living with HIV can improve the protective effects of antiretroviral drugs, marking the first time broadly neutralizing antibodies have been tested in combination with antiretroviral drugs in a pediatric population. The treatment suppressed cells that contained the virus and were capable of reactivating, paving the path to further research that could confirm the use of this method as a supplemental or alternative treatment for HIV in children. The publication of these findings follows recent research, which has focused on testing broadly neutralizing antibodies as a treatment for adults with HIV. Worldwide, about 1.7 million infants and children are living with HIV.Last week, Gavi confirmed that some of the $2.6 billion remaining in COVAX, the COVID-19 vaccine delivery initiative, could be redirected towards furthering investigational vaccine candidates for Marburg and Ebola Sudan, as well as a hexavalent vaccine that would offer protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and the inactivated polio vaccine. The investments for Marburg and Ebola Sudan will hopefully contribute to ensuring clinical trials in future outbreaks, especially after the scrapped trials during the recent Marburg and Ebola Sudan outbreaks.